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Outcome Measurements

Clinicians should use one or more validated questionnaires to assess patients. These can be specific to the clinical condition or generic. We will continue to update this list. We provide the full questionnaires if permitted. Visit our Guideline Summaries or Care Pathways to learn when some of these measures can be incorporated.

Arthritis

Anchor 1

Purpose: Measures global health, pain, mobility and social function in patients with arthritis

Estimated time to complete: 20 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Purpose: Health status measure used in assessing pain, stiffness, and function in patients with osteoarthritis if the hip or knee. This tool has also been used to assess back pain, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and fibromyalgia

Estimated time to complete: 12 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adolescent 13-17 years

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Varies depending on research study

Balance

Anchor 2

Purpose: Modified version of the Berg Balance Scale used to assess functional balance skills in school-aged children. 

Estimated time to complete: Less than 20 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Child 2-12

  • Adolescent 13-17

Cost: Free

Purpose: Clinical test of a person's static balance and dynamic balance abilities. For functional balance tests, this test is generally considered the gold standard

Estimated time to complete: 15-20 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Concussion

Anchor 3

Purpose: Measures the severity of symptoms following a concussion or other form of traumatic brain injury

Estimated time to complete: Less than 3 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Purpose: Evaluates all signs and symptoms, ranking each on a scale of 0-6.

Estimated time to complete: 5 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adolescent 13-17

  • Adult 18-64

Cost: Free

Purpose: Records concussion symptom severity using a 7-point Likert scale

Estimated time to complete: 5 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adolescents 13-17

  • Adults 18-64 years

Cost: Free

Purpose: Records concussion symptom severity using a 7-point Likert scale

Estimated time to complete: 5 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adolescents 13-17

  • Adults 18-64 years

Cost: Free

Purpose: Lists health behaviours currently practiced and health behaviour goals to work toward

Estimated time to complete: 10 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adolescents 13-17

  • Adults 18-64 years

Cost: Free

Disability

Anchor 4

Purpose: Measures patient's disavbility experienced due to their health condition

Estimated time to complete: 10-15 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Generic

Anchor 5

Purpose: Used to measure patient recovery.

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Purpose: Assesses functional ability to complete specific activities 

Estimated time to complete: Less than 4 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

Cost: Free

Purpose: Patient-centered outcome scale where patients are asked to nominate one or two symptoms (physical or mental) of a specific problem they need assistance with and consider the severity of these symptoms over the last week

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Purpose: Patient-centered outcome scale where patients are asked to nominate one or two symptoms (physical or mental) of a specific problem they need assistance with and consider the severity of these symptoms over the last week (follow up to previous questionnaire)

Estimated time to complete: Less than 3 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Headache

Anchor 6

Purpose: Measures the impact headaches have on quality of life. Measures the level of pain and disability caused by headaches.

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Purpose: Identifies difficulties patients may experience as a result of headaches

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Purpose: Measures the impact headaches have on the ability to function on the job, at school, at home and in social situations

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Low Back Pain

Anchor 7

Purpose: Measures disability in patients with low back pain

Estimated time to complete: 5 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adolescent 13-17 years

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Purpose: Assess symptoms and severity of low back pain in terms of disablement and the degree to which back or leg pain impacts functional activities

Estimated time to complete: 3.5-6 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Purpose: Quantify symptom severity, physical function, and satisfaction with care in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis

Estimated time to complete: 5-6 min

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Lower Extremity

Anchor 8

Purpose: Assesses pain, stiffness, and function in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. The WOMAC has also been used to assess back pain, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and fibromyalgia

Estimated time to complete: 12 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adolescent 13-17 years

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: $$ - varies depending on research study 

Purpose: Evaluate the impairment of a patient with lower extremity musculoskeletal conditions or disorders. Can be used clinically to measure the patients' initial function, ongoing progress, and outcome as well as to set functional goals

Estimated time to complete: 5 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Mental Health

Anchor 9

Purpose: Assess the presence and intensity of depressive symptoms

Estimated time to complete: 1-3 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adolescents 13-17 years

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Purpose: Screening tool and symptom severity measure for the four most common anxiety disorders (Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Social Phobia and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder)

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Purpose: Assess descriptively how a patient is feeling most of the time, sometimes, or not at all in the past two weeks

Estimated time to complete: varying

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Children and adolescents

Cost: Free

Neck Pain

Anchor 10

Purpose: Used to determine how neck pain affects a patient's daily life and to assess the self-rated disability of patients with neck pain

Estimated time to complete: 5 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Pain

Anchor 11

Purpose: Measures the subjective intensity of pain

Estimated time to complete: Less than 3 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Purpose: Measures the subjective intensity of pain

Estimated time to complete: Less than 3 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Psychosocial

Anchor 12

Purpose: Assesses a patient's perception of their recovery

Estimated time to complete: 1 minute

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Purpose: Assesses how fear-avoidance beliefs about physical activity and work affect and contribute to their low back pain and disability

Estimated time to complete: 5-10 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Purpose: Assesses the extent of catastrophic cognitions due to low back pain

Estimated time to complete: 5 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Purpose: Measures the subjective intensity of pain

Estimated time to complete: 10 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Purpose: Identifies prognostic indicators relevant to practitioner decision-making concerning initial treatment options in primary care

Estimated time to complete: 5-10 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Quality of Life (Health-Related)

Anchor 13

Purpose: Assess general domains of health and functioning including overall physical health, mental health, social health, pain, fatigue, and overall perceived quality of life

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Purpose: Can be used to monitor patient's health status over time

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: $$ - survey licence request required

Purpose: Captures practical, reliable and valid information about functional health and well-being from the patient's point of view

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: $$ - survey license request required

Sleep

Anchor 14

Purpose: Subjective measure of the quality and patterns of sleep in the older adult

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Purpose: Clinical interview guide for sleep problems following a head injury in adult patients

Assessment Type: Interview

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

  • Elderly Adult 65+

Cost: Free

Purpose: Track sleep allowing to see habits and trends that are helping sleep or that can be improved

Purpose: Brief instrument to assess the severity of both nighttime and daytime components of insomnia

Purpose: Brief questionnaire to be used to screen for a sleep disorder. 

Social Determinants of Health

Anchor 15

Purpose: Empower and educate health workers on how to address the social causes of poor health

Assessment Type: Toolkit

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

Cost: Free

Upper Extremity

Anchor 16

Purpose: Measures overall function using subjective and objective measurements of the shoulder based on pain, range of motion, strength, ability to perform activities of daily living, and function

Estimated time to complete: 5-7 minutes

Assessment Type: Subjective and objective measures

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years, 65+

Cost: Free

Purpose: Evaluate disorders and measure disability of the upper extremities, and monitor change in function over time

Estimated time to complete: 5-30 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

Cost: Free

Purpose: Evaluate difficulty with arm in the past week

Estimated time to complete: Less than 5 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years, 65+

Cost: Free

Purpose: Evaluate ability to complete specific activities

Estimated time to complete: Less than 5 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years

Cost: Free

Purpose: Assess pain and disability related to shoulder problems

Estimated time to complete: 5-10 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years, 65+

Cost: Free

Purpose: Assess functional disability of the shoulder

Estimated time to complete: Less than 5 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years, 65+

Cost: Free

Purpose: Assess functional difficulties due to upper limb problem

Estimated time to complete: Less than 5 minutes

Assessment Type: Patient-reported outcomes

​Age ranges:

  • Adult 18-64 years, 65+

Cost: Free

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